How to Obtain a Copy of a Social Security Application Form SS-5

An SS-5, the application form used to enroll in the U.S. Social Security program, can be a great genealogical resource for learning more about ancestors who died after the year 1936. Before making an application for a copy of your ancestors records, you should first locate them the Social Security Death Index. What Can I Learn From a Social Security Application? The SS-5 form generally includes the following information: Full nameFull name at birth, including maiden namePresent mailing addressAge at last birthdayDate of birthPlace of birth (city, county, state)Fathers full nameMothers full name, including maiden nameGenderRace as indicated by the applicantWhether the applicant had ever applied for Social Security or Railroad Retirement beforeCurrent employers name and addressDate signedApplicants signature Who is Eligible to Request a Copy of the SS-5? As long as a person is deceased, the Social Security Administration will provide a copy of this Form SS-5 to anyone who makes a request under the Freedom of Information Act. They will also release this form to a living registrant (the person a Social Security Number belongs to), or anyone who has obtained a release-of-information statement signed by the person about whom the information is sought. To protect the privacy of living individuals, there are specific requirements for SS-5 requests involving extreme age. The SSA will not provide a copy of the SS-5 or otherwise release information about any person  who is under 120 years old unless you can provide  acceptable proof of death (e.g.,  death certificate, obituary, newspaper article, or police report).The SSA will also redact (blackout) parents’ names on an SS-5 application unless you can provide proof that the  parents are deceased or  both have a birth date more than 120 years ago. They will also release parents names  in cases where the number holder on the SS-5 is at least 100 years of age. This restriction is, unfortunately, a bit tricky when your purpose of requesting the SS-5 is to learn the names of the parents. How to Request a Copy of the SS-5 The easiest way to request a copy of the SS-5 form for your ancestor is to apply online through the Social Security Administration. A printable version of this SS-5 Application Form is also available for mail-in requests. Alternatively, you can send (1) the persons name, (2) the persons Social Security Number (if known), and (3) either evidence of death or a release-of-information statement signed by the person about whom the information is sought, to: Social Security AdministrationOEO FOIA Workgroup300 N. Greene StreetP.O. Box 33022Baltimore, Maryland 21290-3022 Mark both the envelope and its contents: FREEDOM OF INFORMATION REQUEST or INFORMATION REQUEST.   There is an application fee of  $24 for mailed applications and $22 for online applications regardless of if the  Social Security Number is known, and you must provide the persons full name, date, and place of birth, and names of parents. If you have a Social Security Number from family records or a death certificate but are unable to locate the individual in the SSDI, then it is strongly suggested that you include proof of death with your application, as it will likely be returned to you otherwise with that request. If the individual was born less than 120 years ago, you also need to include proof of death with your request.   The usual wait time for receiving a copy of a Social Security Application Form is six to eight weeks, so be prepared to be patient. Online applications are generally a bit quicker—often with a turnaround time of three to four weeks, although this may vary based on demand. Also, it is important to note that the online application system doesnt work if you need to provide proof of death.

Summary Of The Perils Of Obedience Essay - 979 Words

People often wonder why another person would, who claims to be a moral individual, perform an action that most would deem to be an immoral act. One example being in the movie A Few Good Men, most question why Dawson and Downey carry out the Code Red order and why Colonel Jessup even orders the Code Red in the first place. In 1963 at Yale University, Stanley Milgram, a profound psychologist, conducted an experiment of obedience, which became immensely popular and revealed the power of obedience in today s world. Milgram presented his findings in his article, The Perils of Obedience. Like Milgram, Philip Zimbardo, professor of psychology at Stanford University at the time, conducted the Stanford Prison Experiment, which tested average people s abilities, or lack thereof, to resist authority or obedience. Lee Ross, professor of psychology at Stanford University, and Richard Nisbett, a professor of psychology at the University of Michigan, studied social psychology experiments and publi shed their findings in their article titled, The Power of Situations. Each of these psychologists and professors aroused numerous questions regarding how far a person push the boundaries of their morals simply due to obedience. People perform actions that they know may be immoral due to, in most cases, an authoritative figure or simply a belief that what they are doing is imperative to the situation at hand. Dawson and Downey performing a Code Red on Santiago in the film, A Few GoodShow MoreRelatedStanley Milgram The Perils Of Obedience Summary833 Words   |  4 PagesIn his article â€Å"The Perils of Obedience†, Stanley Milgram conducted an experiment to determine if the innate desire to obey an authority figure overrides the morality and consciousness that had been already established in an individual. 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Communication Skills Children & Families

Question: Discuss that the term communication is one of the widest topics that could be discussed? Answer: The term communication is one of the widest topics that could be discussed. Communication can be personal, private and public; it could happen between two people and among a group of persons. In order to make a communication to be effective the people involved in the communication procedure must be committed and responsive. They must possess skill which will be utilized to frame a message that could be utilized to make the communication effective and derive proper response. The interview of Lucy from the movie Unloved by Samantha Morton can be taken as a study for the communication skill needed while communicating with children (Barker, 2010). The interview is quite relevant to the concept of communication skills needed for speaking with children as it shows exactly what must not be done (Rcpsych.ac.uk, 2015). The film from which the interview is taken rotates around Lucy and provides insight into the social care system through the eyes of a child. It is shown in the movie that how alienated she felt in the Care home as there was lack of proper communication between the social workers and her. It is seen that they failed to connect with the children and provide proper guidance and council in a manner that would not only reconcile them but also make them feel light and comfortable (Birkinshaw, 2006). As seen in the clip that Lucy is a very quiet eleven year old girl, who is tormented due to her horrid past of irresponsible parents and is thus gloomy and alone. As seen from studies and most cases that children are most harrowed and affected because of negligence, torture and abuse (Daud, Skoglund and Rydelius, 2005). It is needed that these children should be taken under the care of a system that would not only provide shed and protection but an environment where the child will be able to express and live freely. Thus the ability to express ones feeling and responding will be only achieved when the communicator possesses skills to create an intangible warm, free environment among them. The first shot of the clip shows Lucy sitting in a car with Vicky a female care worker. They are shown discussing a range of topics. Lucy asks Vicky if she believes in God. Vicky says that she was taught about multiple religions and although sometimes it is hard to believe yet she believes in Gods like Lord Krishna from the Hindu mythology. Lucy asks her about Christianity and Jesus and Vicky replies with a smile that Jesus is great. They enter a shopping mall to buy clothes for Lucy as she is shown wearing only her school uniform. Lucy continues to ask Vicky personal questions and Vicky replies amicably. Lucy is shown in a light and happy mood as Vicky helps her buy new shoes and clothes. Lucy even goes on to describe her choices as she feels comfortable and happy around Vicky. After they return to the care home, Lucys social worker Jackie meet her. This was a very polite, restricted and alienating experience for her (Roberts and Greene, 2002). The conversation revolved around paperwork. Both of them were sitting at a distance and Lucy is seen fidgeting with her shopping bags as she is completely uncomfortable. While the woman goes through the paperwork Lucy stares at her and the surroundings taking in everything. The Social worker checks Lucys school papers and doesnt say much other than good. She asks Lucy few formal questions and why she left the home earlier. To this Lucy only shrugs and does not reply properly. The woman looks busy and does not share much eye contact with Lucy. Whenever she asks Lucy something, Lucy speaks with her eyes down. The social worker tells her that she took a while in visiting her as the Patrimony was not provided and now that it is provided she will continue to visit Lucy. She also asked Lucy to call her up if she needed her . There was no warmth in the communication and all seemed really formal and as a result Lucy did not seem interested. Lucy asked her whether she could go back and stay with her Mom or Dad. For this the woman said that they must be consulted for this. Later in her room Lucy is seen happy as fiddles with her new clothes. It was thus evident from the clip that the two conversations between Lucy and Vicky and Lucy and her Social Worker Jackie were entirely different in manner and yielded different results (Reece, 2008). Lucy established a bonding with Care worker Vicky by sharing views with her and speaking on topics that were not related to the torture or pain she experienced. While with Jackie the conversation did not yield anything. Jackie failed to get any insight of Lucys mental condition. Jackies behavior and body language was strictly formal and she took a businesslike approach in the situation. Her questions were directly asking about Lucys track records and how she ended up here. Jackie did not try to establish any kind of connection which could have been better for the interview. An interview of such manner is totally futile and pointless and disappointing for both the communicators as well. This interview is hence discussed to understand the factors that must be kept in mind when communicating with Children. One of the main criteria of social care workers are to establish connection and communication with their clients and thus they need the best kind of communication skills which will not only provide comfort and scope for the client to speak but also provide the social worker ample opportunities to learn the situation, listen to the issues and offer proper and worthy solutions to the clients troubles. The following discussion will point out the skills that are required for establishing such a healthy relationship with the clients and how this could utilized in deriving solutions to the issue. The interview of Lucy with her Social and Care workers is taken as reference to point out the pros and cons of the whole action related to communicating with children in terms of social work and social care program. The concept of social work is covered with responsibility (Deliege, 2002). When it comes to counseling and providing support to children, the responsibility becomes double. The social workers need to understand, reciprocate and empathize with the situation the child is in. It is also the concern of the social worker to communicate with the parents and guardians of the children to understand the surrounding in which the child is brought up. This will provide as an added advantage in providing the solution to the problems. Also in this way the Social worker can provide solution to parental anxiety (Dogra, 2002). All this processes needs some particular skills which should be present in the Social worker. Every day a social worker needs to gain some insight from the clients and then convey information to them. The first skill that a Social worker must possess is the quality of listening carefully (Aviram, 2002). They must be able to listen properly and pay complete attention to what the child is saying. This also means to maintain eye contact so that little gestures and reactions could be perceived as something meaningful. The Social worker must not interrupt or roll eyes, multitask, doodle or yawn when the child is speaking it implies disinterest in speaking. This was exactly one of the things which were wrong with the interview between Lucy and Social worker Jackie. Jackie spoke to Lucy while going through the paperworks and not keeping eye contact with her. Vicky was able to connect and make Lucy talk to her as she totally responded to Lucys queries while maintaining eye contact and smilin g occasionally. Vicky kept looking at Lucy paying her complete attention. The second skills that must be honed by the social workers are to gain exclusive, important and relevant information. A social worker therefore must be able to ask the right question in the right way. Jackie continues to ask Lucy why Lucy was absconded and whether her Mother has contacted her. To this queries Lucy gives very short replies. It is clear that she is not comfortable enough to answer truthfully of what happened or what she feels and thinks. Also Jackie seemed not interested in getting further information as she did not use any amicable persuasion methods to gather further insight to Lucys mind and condition. It is one of the tactics used by Social workers to get involved in role playing and word association to derive information. From Jackies attitude it was total business for her whereas Vicky very carefully through her words gathered little insights into the likes and dislikes that Lucy harbors. The third criteria are applying of nonverbal behavioral skills. The primary task of maintaining eye contact is already discussed. The other gestures and body language that should be applied are, handshakes, smiles, and a tap on the shoulder or a caressing gesture. This spreads warmth and the child feels secure and comfortable while speaking and takes the process seriously. Other actions could be sitting closer as physical distance often alienates the people from each other and the communication is not productive. Jackie and Lucy were sitting at a distance and Lucys physical posture and body language showed that she felt uncomfortable. Lucy and Vicky were sitting in close affinity in the car and Vicky maintained physical contact to make Lucy feel at home. Building trust is one of the primary tasks that have to be implemented to ensure effective communication. Any kind of communication will be successful when the partners in the conversation have equal trust and faith on each other. The social worker must establish the idea in the mind of the client that he or she has the best interest for the client. Even if the social worker does not agree with the client it is essential that the clients view is given first priority and importance. This way the client will feel secure and confident of the whole communication and will discuss the issues tormenting them. In context to the interview scene, Jackie did not indulge in any kind of activity that will help Lucy build trust on her. Jackie tells her that she did not come earlier as she was not provided the patrimony. Now that it is provided she will continue to visit her and if any problem arises, Lucy should call her right away. This word does not provide any assurance to Lucy as she fails to gain any positive vibe from Jackie. Lucy does not reply and Jackie continues with her paperwork without paying much attention to her. The whole conversation hence was very formal and short and did not help in connecting the communicators (Statham, 2004). The trust that is needed was actually formed between Lucy and Care worker Vicky. Lucy had faith on her and thus agreed to go shopping with her (Waller, 2006). She was very happy with the clothes and responded to Vickys queries. They had complete and effective conversation and got much idea about each other. There was nothing restrictive and Vicky got much insight into Lucys mind and thought process. Building of trust also means that the client will readily accept the solution and would be convinced of its success. Jackie failed to convince Lucy and thus did not improve her situation. When she returned to her room, Lucy was more delighted with her new clothes which she and Vicky bought together (Juhsov, 2015). The final aspect of the communication skill is avoiding of conflict. The Social worker should try to diffuse the conflict and completely avoid threatening or judging the client and refrain from raising their voices. Their tones should not be accusing or judgmental and try to be a mediator for issues. Jackie was quite judgmental of Lucy being absconded yet she did not push Lucy into saying why she fled. Vicky was there to support and comfort Lucy when she returned thus providing her scope to explain herself (NICHOLLS, 2000). The role of a social worker is similar to a counselor but as a social worker one needs to do more. As a social worker one should do more for a client (Howe, n.d.). A social worker has to take the initiative himself. A social worker has to call up helping agents to solve issues and cannot just seat by providing a phone number. As a social worker for children the idea is to safeguard the children and make the authorities or parents realize the need for care. They have to build a rapport and must not show shocking or loud expressions to reconcile the students. A social worker should be able to maintain confidentiality and try to understand and empathize with the situation the child is in. From the interview scene it is gathered that, although Jackie is quite professional in her demeanor, she does not use her communicative skills to fullest to derive further information which is required in order to understand Lucys condition (Schraer, 2014). The social worker did not ask Lucy how she is in the Care home in the first place and what her wishes are (Krebs and Pitcoff, 2006). Instead she mentions the procedure that Lucy must follow to meet or live with her parents. The social worker did not ask Lucy anything which will make her feel comfortable. All the queries were strictly professional and nothing to do with Lucy sharing her worries. As a result she seemed disinterested in the whole process of the interview. She behaved like she was chided and was nervous and she continued fidgeting with her fingers (Drasgow, 2009). Many experts of the Social work theory carry the value that there is need of self disclosure when trying to communicate effectively (Great Valley Publishing Company, 2015). It is very important when communicating with minors that the social worker should also divulge some personal information to them. This is exactly what Vicky did when she took Lucy for shopping. Vicky told Lucy about her religious beliefs and about having a boyfriend. Children like getting to know others before trusting them and hence Vicky easily established a connection and trust with Lucy. Thus although an ethical boundary must be maintained, it is necessary that the social worker converse with the minors in a normal manner and not use their businesslike attitude. The role of Social worker is not providing mental therapy, but they must bend to a certain level when communicating with the minors (Brain and Mukherji, 2005). Therapies are meant to improve the situations and mental health by taking the people in a different environment but the role of social worker is to contact the relevant people and the relevant agencies in order to provide a solution which would help the people to come out of the situation. The social workers job is thus formal, but when one considers the minors, they have a different mind then the adults. They are volatile and must be handled with care. Issues sometimes leave children with deep scar and they are reluctant in sharing crucial information. The social workers need this information as it is vital for their work. This is the reason for which the social workers should indulge in minimal exchange of personal information so that the children feel important and comfortable sharing their own personal details on the issue s (Green and Nieman, 2014). Thus as seen from the clip the concept of social work and social care is very serious and requires patience and proper temperament to provide solution to make a life better (Butler and Roberts, 2004). Two aspects of the Social care are shown in the clip, one is a conversation between the child and the Care worker in an informal environment and another is between the child and her social worker in a very formal environment. Both the conversations included only two persons and were face to face, yet it yielded two completely different results. The interview in question did not yield any positive answer from the child and she was distracted and not interested in the process at all. She was much happier when driving with the care worker and shopping and even shared her choice of clothes and hair color which help in establishing a connection and interest in the communication. For an apprentice the interview could be very educative in learning what they should or should not do when conversing with the child in question. A Childs mind is wide and full of ideas it must be nurtured and understood with care while dealing with a serious situation. A social worker must not be all professional like when dealing with children and the mode of communication has to be different and less formal. Environment also plays a major role. An open space with air and light and colorful surroundings also relaxes the mind and the body and thus the Social worker in the video should have chosen a different environment for the interview (Close, 2011). The social worker tries to cover all the points and ask relevant questions to Lucy. She also goes through the paperwork with much care, but she missed out on some major points that should be taken care of. Her communication skills were not appropriate in conversing with a tormented eleven year old girl (Greene and Burleson, 2003). Although Jackie tried to empathize with Lucy, yet her lack in warmth, eye contact and trust building activity failed in interesting the girl and thus the whole point of the interview almost came to a naught. The tactics applied by Vicky was much more fruitful in making Lucy talk. The positive outcome of the interview was that Lucy was assured that the decision of her staying with her Mother would involve both Vicky and Jackie. This made her hopeful. Hence it is seen that communication skill is one of the most crucial factors when considering social work and care concerning families and especially children. The video was an insight into the dos and donts of the communication process for a social worker and thus must be applied by the future workers in the social work scenario (Howe, 2008). As any communication is important this critique only highlights how even a small conversation between a child and a social worker is important and requires skill. Thus the little intricacies must be always looked at. References Aviram, U. (2002). The Changing Role of the Social Worker in the Mental Health System.Social Work in Health Care, 35(1-2), pp.617-634. Barker, A. (2010).Improve your communication skills. London: KoganPage. Birkinshaw, I. (2006). The Handbook of Communication Skills - Third editionThe Handbook of Communication Skills - Third edition.Nursing Standard, 21(6), pp.30-30. Brain, C. and Mukherji, P. (2005).Understanding child psychology. Cheltenham, U.K.: Nelson Thornes. Butler, I. and Roberts, G. (2004).Social work with children and families. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers. Close, A. (2011). New system of regulation for adult social care in England.Nurs Residential Care, 13(1), pp.39-41. Daud, A., Skoglund, E. and Rydelius, P. (2005). Children in families of torture victims: transgenerational transmission of parents traumatic experiences to their children.International Journal of Social Welfare, 14(1), pp.23-32. Deliege, D. (2002). A Classification System of Social Problems:.Social Work in Health Care, 34(1/2), pp.195-238. Dogra, N. (2002).A multidisciplinary handbook of child and adolescent mental health for front-line professionals. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers. Drasgow, E. (2009). Teaching package increases conversational skills, play skills, emotional skills, and friendship skills of three young children with autism.Evidence-Based Communication Assessment and Intervention, 3(3), pp.165-167. Great Valley Publishing Company, I. (2015).Ethics of Self-Disclosure With Children and Adolescents. [online] Socialworktoday.com. Available at: https://www.socialworktoday.com/archive/exc_070814.shtml [Accessed 27 Jul. 2015]. Green, S. and Nieman, A. (2014). SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT: GOOD PRACTICE GUIDELINES.Social Work, 39(2). Greene, J. and Burleson, B. (2003).Handbook of communication and social interaction skills. Mahwah, N.J.: L. Erlbaum Associates. Howe, D. (2008).The emotionally intelligent social worker. Basingstoke [England]: Palgrave Macmillan. Howe, D. (n.d.).The compleat social worker. Juhsov, A. (2015). Comparison of Quality of Life of Families with Children with Disability and Families with Children without Disability.Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 174, pp.3378-3384. Krebs, B. and Pitcoff, P. (2006).Beyond the foster care system. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press. NICHOLLS, P. (2000). Guidelines for Social and Economic Rehabilitation.Leprosy Review, 71(4). Rcpsych.ac.uk, (2015).The Unloved. [online] Available at: https://www.rcpsych.ac.uk/discoverpsychiatry/mindsonfilmblog/theunloved.aspx [Accessed 27 Jul. 2015]. Reece, A. (2008). The Social Care System: Beyond Repair or Missing Vital Parts?.Journal of Integrated Care, 16(5), pp.37-43. Roberts, A. and Greene, G. (2002).Social workers' desk reference. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Schraer, R. (2014).Wearing two hats: How do counselling and social work fit together? - Community Care. [online] Community Care. Available at: https://www.communitycare.co.uk/2014/07/01/wearing-two-hats-counselling-social-work-fit-together/ [Accessed 27 Jul. 2015]. Statham, D. (2004).Managing front line practice in social work. New York: Jessica Kingsley Publishers. Waller, R. (2006).Fostering child adolescent mental health in the classroom. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.

Types and forms of FDI Essay Example

Types and forms of FDI Paper Foreign direct investment (FDI) is a direct investment into production or business in a country by an individual or company of another country, either by buying a company in the target country or by expanding operations of an existing business in that country. Foreign direct investment is in contrast to portfolio investment which is a passive investment in the securities of another country such as stocks and bonds. Foreign Direct Investment as any flow of lending to, or purchase of ownership in a foreign enterprise that is largely owned by the residents of the investing company. It may take the form of Cash, securities, plant, equipment, and other factors of production, such as managerial skills, technology, or know how. FDI usually involves some combination of the above. The transfer of this package of capital assets as well as the retention of control is what distinguishes FDI from portfolio investment. Foreign Direct Investment is generally classified into fives types which is: 1. Inward Foreign Direct Investment 2. Outward Foreign Direct Investment 3. Horizontal Foreign Investment 4. Vertical Foreign Investment 5. Platform Foreign Investment Inward FDI: An inward investment involves an external or foreign entity either investing in or purchasing the goods of a local economy. A common type of inward investment is a foreign direct investment (FDI). This occurs when one company purchases another business or establishes new operations for an existing business in a country different than the investing companys origin. In this case investment of foreign resources is local resources. We will write a custom essay sample on Types and forms of FDI specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Types and forms of FDI specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Types and forms of FDI specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The factors encourages the growth of Inward FDI contains relaxation of existent regulations, tax breaks, loans on low rates of interest etc. Outward FDI : A business strategy where a domestic firm expands its operations to a foreign country either via a Green field investment, merger/acquisition and/or expansion of an existing foreign facility. Employing outward direct investment is a natural progression for firms as better business opportunities will be available in foreign countries when domestic markets become too saturated. Outward Foreign direct investment is also referred to as direct investment abroad. In this case it is the local capital, which is being invested in some foreign resource. Outward FDI may lso find use in the import and export dealings with a foreign country. Horizontal FDI : Foreign direct investment by a firm to establish manufacturing facilities in multiple countries, all producing essentially the same thing but for their respective domestic or nearby markets. Horizontal FDI refers to the foreign manufacturing of products and services roughly similar to those the firm produces in its home market. This type of FDI is called horizontal because the multinational duplicates the same activities in different countries. Horizontal FDI arises because it s too costly to serve the foreign market by exports due to transportation costs or trade barriers. in multiple countries, each producing a different input to, or stage of, the firms production process. Vertical FDI refers to those multinationals that fragment production process geographically. It is called because MNE separates the production chain vertically by outsourcing some production stages abroad. The basic idea behind the analysis of this type of FDI is that a production process consists of multiple stages with different input requirements. If input prices varies across ountries, it becomes profitable for the firm to split the production chain. Vertical FDI consists of two groups: backward and forward vertical FDI. In case of backward FDI multinational enterprise establishes its own supplier of input goods which delivers inputs to the parent company. Conducting forward FDI, the firm builds up a foreign affiliate, which draws inputs from the parent company for own production, thus staying after the parent in the production chain. Platform FDI : Foreign direct investment from a source country into a destination country for the purpose of exporting to a third country. Horizontal FDI decreases international trade as the product of them is usually aimed at host country; the two other types generally act as a stimulus for it. Green Field Investment direct investment in new facilities or the expansion of existing facilities. Greenfield investments are the primary target of a host nations promotional efforts because they create new production capacity and Jobs, transfer technology and know-how, and can lead to linkages to the global marketplace. However, it often does this by crowding out local industry; multinationals are able to produce goods more cheaply because of advanced technology and efficient processes) and uses up resources (labor, intermediate goods, etc). Another downside of greenfield investment is that profits from production do not feed back into the local economy, but instead to the multinationals home economy. This is in contrast to local industries whose profits flow back into the domestic economy to promote growth. Mergers And Acquisition occur when a transfer of existing assets from local firms to foreign firms takes place, this is the primary type of FDI. Cross-border mergers occur when the assets and operation of firms from different countries are combined to stablish a new legal entity. Cross-border acquisitions occur when the control of assets and operations is transferred from a local to a foreign company, with the local company becoming an affiliate of the foreign company. Unlike greenfield investment, acquisitions provide no long term benefits to the local economy even in most deals the owners of the local firm are paid in stock from the acquiring firm, meaning that the money from the sale could never reach the local economy. Nevertheless, mergers and acquisitions are a significant form of FDI and until around 1997, accounted for nearly 90% of the FDI flow into the United States.